NOTE TO READERS OF THIS DRAFT - When you see parentheses, DO NOT PANIC. These are simply placeholders for the MSS Working Group because we have yet to resolve how to represent material designation in the text of this draft!!  [AEB the first half is my reordering of the section that I did in Word. Which means any of the formating and colors have been removed. As the section stood before follows. You can tell because it becomes a lot more colorful; edited again and some of the colors and indenting, etc. have been added back in aeb]

 

1. Title, Statement of Responsibility, and Date Area

 

Contents:

 

1A. Preliminary rule

[1Aa. Archivally or bibliographically? (top of decision tree?)]

1Ab. Create title]

1B. Supplied title

1C. Formal title

1D. Statements of responsibility [perhaps we should pair S of R with Formal titles and creators with supplied titles OR at least put creators first then S of R? aeb]

1E. Creators

1F. Date

 

1G. Multiple works in a single item [or move to Appdx B or have it be part of supplied title and formal titles aeb]

 

 

1A. Preliminary rule

 

1A1. Prescribed punctuation

 

This rule applies to bibliographic records entered in a library catalog. For description of an item in an archival finding aid, or in a document in another format, apply the punctuation appropriate to that format. [MN]

 

For instructions on the use of spaces before and after prescribed punctuation, see 0E.

 

Precede each parallel title by an equals sign.

 

Precede each unit of other title information by a colon.

 

Precede the first statement of responsibility by a diagonal slash.

 

Precede each subsequent statement of responsibility by a semicolon.

 

Precede date by a comma. space

 

For the punctuation of this area when a publication has no collective title, see 1F 1G?.

 

1A2. Sources of information

 

1A2.1. General rule. 

 

The prescribed source of information for the title and statement of responsibility is the manuscript itself (cf. 0C.1), or a reliable reference source.   [Revise this paragraph to conform with what is stated in area 0G.1]

 

1A3. Form and order of information

 

(for bibliographic records; for archival records follow archival community rules)

 

Give the information in the following order: title, statement of responsibility or creator, date. {EOK: This is problematic for bibliographic cataloging, because creator information supplied by a bibliographic cataloger would be considered part of the title, not a separate subelement: for example, in Letter from John Doe, 1897 Jan. 3, "John Doe" would be part of the title}  If a formal title page or colophon is present and the creator's name preceding the title is grammatically inseparable, transcribe title and statement of responsibility information in the form and order in which it appears in the source. [revisit when working on over-arching area] [add something about date being in separate part of title? aeb] If the date of the material is grammatically inseparable from the title, transcribe the form and order in which is appears in the source and repeat the date in the date element.

 

Geruasij Tilberiensis, De necessarijs scaccarij obseruantijs, dialogus [MN--4600 Bd. Ms. 503]

 

1A4.  Supplied title vs. formal title

 

The cataloger must decide whether to use A decision needs to be made if a formal title or a supplied title is to be used. Most manuscripts do not have a formal title page or colophon or other title like information with the document, so a title will need to be formulated for a supplied title. A formal title is present when there is a formal title page or colophon with a title. If a title is present in a place other than the title page or colophon, use judgment as to whether to treat as a formal title. Consider factors such as the visual prominence of the title, whether or not the manuscript is commonly known by that title, other instances of the title (possibly with different wording) present elsewhere on the manuscript, and the title's clarity and accuracy in identifying the nature of the manuscript. If you do treat this title a title from a place {EOK: in the manuscript? [otherwise, we are saying that a note is needed whenever we use a title from an authoritative source] other than the title page or colophon is used as the formal title, add a note describing the source of the title. [MN]  Supply a title if no formal title page or colophon is present, or if there is no title on the title page or colophon.

 

Unlike with rare books, most manuscripts do not have a formal title. This is because manuscripts are most often unique items such as letters, contracts, diaries, and other similar materials that are not representative of a work for which a formal title is either present or can be identified. In other words, manuscripts frequently do not contain information that can readily be supplied in what are considered the “transcription fields” of a cataloging record. This applies not only to the title and statement of responsibility area (content for fields 245 and 246 in a MARC record), but also to the “publication” area (content for the 260 field), although with manuscripts the more correct term would be “creation.” The other transcription areas, edition and series statement (fields 250 and 4XX) are rarely applicable to manuscripts. [Move green section here to Introduction? MN] In the event that the work at hand is a manuscript transcription of a formal work, and the title of that work is present or can be identified, the cataloger should skip the next section and go directly to section TBD.

 

An important consideration to be made in item-level cataloging for manuscript materials is the environment in which the cataloger is working. Is the item being cataloged for inclusion in a finding aid within an archival collection or as a single bibliographic record in an OPAC? If the former, when formulating a title the archivist or cataloger must think within the hierarchical structure of some forms of archival description such as the finding aid, and eliminate any redundancies arising from that structure. On the other hand, the item record must be as complete as possible within that framework for reasons of preservation, security and helpfulness to readers in planning their research trips. [2 paragraphs rewritten by JKN, not distinguishing between bibliographic and archival communities and finding aids vs MARC records]

 

When distinguishing between bibliographic and archival we are not talking about finding aids vs MARC records, we are talking about the different communities. [NOTE: I'm not sure we can completely separate the two. The medium in which each community works has an impact on how they think about where the content goes (see my rewritten 2nd paragraph above). To illustrate my point, the examples we provide below explicitly illustrate the difference between a bib record and a finding aid. We also continue to make this distinciton all the way through this section. So we never really get away from the bib record vs. finding aid distinction by our very presentation of explanations and examples -JKN]

 

To illuminate the differences between an archival and a bibliographic approach to cataloging manuscripts at the item level, the following examples may be helpful:

 

A) Title for item in a bibliographic record

 

Letter from James I to unknown recipient (manuscript), 1607

 

B) Title for item in an archival finding aid

Collection: James I, documents

     Series: Correspondence, outgoing

          Item title: To unknown recipient, 1607

 

{EOK:

As I read through the latest version, I’m becoming uneasy with the recommendations to eliminate redundancy in titles when cataloging for finding aids. Several issues:

Repurposing of data: we have to rely for meaning on the assumption that the data will always be used within the context of the framework within which it was originally created. When it’s pulled out and used in other contexts, you have the “on a horse” problem. So named after the collection of photos of Teddy Roosevelt where the titles of the photos were given as “On a horse”, “On the banks of the Amazon River”, “Shooting a bear”, etc. When they tried to use the records in a wider context, they had problems.

 

Indexing issues: if the description for the item doesn’t include the information (because it’s stored at the series or folder level), it may interfere with retrieval

 

Display issues: Take the example of a title which has been made non-redundant (for example, a title which consists solely of a date, because it is part of a folder of letters from x to y:  “1607, Mar. 3”) This puts the burden of the user of the finding aid to look in several places  is looking directly at the finding aid, he or she still has the extra burden of having to look several places to make sense of this cryptic title. When the title appears in a Google-type search result that brings up the finding aid as a hit, the user will see this cryptic title, plus a few words before and after. Depending on how far down in the hierarchy the item is, the information may not display in the google search result, because it usually displays only a few words adjacent to the words that match the search terms—so the user may not bother going to the finding aid.

 

Also  we seem to be applying the redundancy rule mainly to titles (maybe because we haven’t had as many passes through the other areas). But it would apply in theory to other areas, too, such as the scope and content note. If all the letters in the folder deal with the cholera outbreak, and you are cataloging only a single letter, are you going to describe the content as: “Cousin Frank’s illness” (and rely on the user going to the scope and content note at the folder level to see that the correspondence is about the cholera outbreak of 1833 in Charleston?

 

1A4.1. Supplied title

 

If the manuscript does not bear a formal title, supply the title according to the instructions in 1B.

 

1A4.2 Formal title

 

If the manuscript bears a formal title, transcribe the title according to the instructions in 1C.

 

1B. Supplied title

 

When a formal title is not present (or not legible) and not available from other sources, decide which of the two situations described below applies:

 

1) A formal title would be appropriate to/is customarily used for the type of material being cataloged (ie. literary, historical, scientific, religious, etc. work) but is not available for the item in hand:  see 1B1. 

 

2). A formal title is not appropriate to and is not customarily used for the type of material being cataloged (ie. letters, ledgers, legal documents, diaries etc.):  see 1B2.

 

When supplying a title, construct a title that is succinct yet contains enough uniquely identifiable elements so as to be informative.{EOK: succinct yet contains sufficient information to identify the item [I AM TRYING TO AVOID "UNIQUELY"--THIS IS NOT A REALIZABLE GOAL FOR ANY TYPE OF MATERIAL}

 

Required elements of title:

 

Date (actual or conjectured) 

Form or genre of document (ie. letter, bond, contract, will, postcard, essay, etc. )

{EOK: reorder, as date, form or genre, since this is the order to the information}

 

Optional elements (strongly encouraged):

 

Creator, if known 

If letter, recipient; if legal documnet, parties involved 

Place of creation, if known and if considered important, {EOK: or } to distinguish from similarly titled materials 

{EOK: Place where a sermon or speech was delivered, if considered important, or to distinguish from similarly titled materials}

Subject of material if considered important, or if it is the only thing that  needed to provides some sort of  unique identification (e.g. Letter from a daughter to her father about a cholera outbreak) 

{EOK: or if needed to identify the item (e.g. a letter that describes a cholera outbreak) [“unique” is overstating the matter—if there are several letters about the outbreak, do you have to specify in the title of each letter the relations who were struck down  in order to uniquely identify?)}

Type of material (ie. manuscript, draft, fragment, copy, typescript, etc.)

  

1B1. Formal title would be appropriate but is not present (or not legible) and not available from other sources [section need to be renamed to match 1) above? aeb]

 

[move the following into rules for 1B1 aeb]

Instructions for Situation 1:

  

 

1B1A. General rule.

 

For most items in this category, if no title can be found in any source, devise a brief descriptive title in the language and script of the cataloging agency. The title may focus either on the subject content or on the genre or form of the item, depending on what would be most useful. Do not use square brackets; provide a note on the source of the title only if considered necessary.

 

Observations on a bill relative to the militia

  

Sermon on Christian baptism

 

If the manuscipt contains more than one literary work, provide a brief description about the nature of the poems' subject, grouping, number, or type.{EOK: provide of  brief description of the form(s), genres(s), or subject matter of the works.} [move this to area for an item with more than one work aeb] 

 

Optionally, include the name of the author and/or the compiler in the title statement, for example to make an otherwise generic title distinctive. [separate rule within 1B1A aeb]

 

 Richard Harding Davis letterbook [4600 Bd. Ms. 165+, CUL]

 

 

{EOK: Distinctive within what context? Within the folder? within the finding aid as a whole? Within the catalog? Within the larger bibliographic universe?  Doesn't this conflict with the examples in 1A4, where we say that items in subseries inherit the characteristics of the series above them, so that you don't need to include the genre (e.g. letter) or the creator, if the titles of the higher up series contain this information? Something similar happens with bibliographic cataloging, where the main entry plus title would provide enough information to allow the user to distinguish between different letterbooks. I think we need to find another justification for recommending this.}

 

 

1B1A1. Use the word "untitled" in your title statement if there is potential ambiguity about whether the title is authorial or cataloger-supplied. [separate rule within 1B1a aeb] {EOK: this option is only for cases where an item normally has a formal title supplied by the author as part of the creative process, e.g. plays, novels, short-stories, essays (belles-lettres), right? it would never be used for letters or documents, right? }

 

From Yale: Use a descriptive modifying term or phrase when the material has a very particular focus of interest, but word it as best you can to avoid creating the appearance of a formal title (e.g. use "overland diary" instead of "diary of an overland journey to California.")

  

Observations on a bill relative to the militia

  

Sermon on Christian baptism

  

Alison to provide John C Mortimer examples from Bancroft

  

Novel on yellow paper by

{EOK: this is an example of a real title (except the "by" should be deleted) that doesn't look like a real title. do we need to indicate this (as opposed to the other titles, which I think are supplied titles}

  

Untitled short story about dogs

 

1B1A2. Record that the manuscript is in the author's hand in the title statement (title proper or other title information, according to local practise) using the term "autograph," unless the item is part of a larger collection of an author's papers or it is obvious from the archival context. [new rule in 1B1A as well as for 1B2A? aeb]

 

Legal brief by Abraham Lincoln (autograph manuscript)

 

or

 

Autograph legal brief by Abraham Lincoln (manuscript)

 

or

 

Abraham Lincoln legal brief (autograph manuscript)

 

I am a jolly huntsman, my voice is shrill and clear (autograph manuscript) [not manuscript; replace with new example]

Dear friend, thou may’st confide (autograph manuscript)--MORGAN

 

1B1A3. Record that the item is a hand-written or type-written copy or draft in the title statement by using the word "copy," "draft." For mechanical, photographic, or digital reproductions, such as a photocopy, microfilm, or scan, include that information in other title information. Apply this rule to facsimile reproductions, but only to those for which the publication information is lost or unknown. For facsimile reproductions with publication information, refer to AACR2. [new rule, applies to 1B1A and 1B2A aeb]

 

1B1A4. Record that the item is a fragment or incomplete as other title information by using the word "fragment" or "incomplete" with the material type. Consult the glossary and use cataloger's judgment to determine which term is appropriate. [new rule, applies to 1B1A and 1B2A aeb]

 

French Diplomacy under the Third Republic (autograph manuscript fragment) [formal title; move to section on formal titles]

 

Treatise on herbs and fruits (manuscript fragment)

 

Copy of Edward III (manuscript fragment)

 

Journal containing receipts and payments of George Garrick (incomplete manuscript)

  

Autograph letter from Fanny Kemble to Mary Lloyd (incomplete manuscript)

 

STOP - decision to be made

 

If you are creating a stand-alone bibliographic record skip to section ???

 

<skip> Manuscript type should be included as other title information. [Create section "Other Title Information for Supplied Titles". In that section (to be written) say: Always indicate whether the item is a manuscript, typescript, galley-proof, etc., Material type should go at the end of the other title information (e.g. Gone with the wind: A novel (typescript)]

EOK: the example given is a transcribed title, not a supplied title; are we talking here about supplied titles or formal titles

 

Section on larger archival context 

 

Do not indicate the type of material unless it differs from the type of material at the next-highest level of description. For example, if you are describing a manuscript at the item level within a series or collection of manuscripts, do not repeat the word "manuscript" within the supplied title for that item. On the other hand, if you are describing a single manuscript within a collection of printed material, do include the word "manuscript" in your supplied title.  Apply this principle to illustrations {EOK: could we use "visual material"  or "graphics" instead of "illustrations"?} , printed works, computer files, etc.

 

Series: Manuscripts

          Item record: Essay on Princess Diana

 

Comment: The series title "Manuscripts" indicates that the items in the series are manuscripts and it would be redundant to repeat the word "manuscripts."

 

Series: Playbills

          Item record: Manuscript playbill for Romeo and Juliet

Comment: "Playbills" are normally printed, so the word "manuscript" serves to bring out the different nature of this particular item.

 

1B1XX. Poems and songs. For a single untitled poem or song, use as the title proper the first line of the text, e.g.

 

I am a jolly huntsman, my voice is shrill and clear [not a manuscript; replace with new example] 

Oh God! whose dread and dazzling brow (autograph manuscript) -- Morgan

 

Find hymn without a title for example

Nearer, my God, to thee --Morgan [this is the first line of the hymn--which generally (not always) becomes the title of the hymn; do we need to give an example of a hymn which has a title different from the first words, e.g. Marines Hymn (first line, From the halls of Montezuma)

 

1B2. A formal title is not appropriate to the type of material being cataloged (ie. letters, ledgers, legal documents, etc.)

 

1B2A. General rule.

 

Supply a brief term or phrase that concisely characterizes the item being described. The term or phrase should always incorporate the form of material, as well as other information appropriate to the type of material, if it falls into any of the special categories listed below.{EOK: this conflicts with the anti-redundancy recommendation}

 

            Inventory of the goods and chattels of Sarah Birch (FOLGER)

  

            Autograph notes from an unidentified book on agriculture (MORGAN)

  

            Lesson book of chronology and history (MORGAN) 

 

            German songbook (CORNELL) 

 

 

Newspaper cuttings on the VictoriaTheatre, London (Y.d.23 (192))

  

Sermons of Thomas Pestell (W.a.333-340)

 

 

Specific categories within situation 2:

 

 

1B2B. Letters, postcards, telegrams, etc. [also include printed out email?]

 

There are lots of different patterns for letters, depending on the cataloging guidelines. Possible elements to include: (I do not include date, since we are treating date as a separate subarea within the title):

 

Abbreviations should be prohibited (no more cryptic ALS or TLS or TLC)

 

Creator

Form of communication (letter, postcard, etc.)

Whether or not it is signed

Recipient

Place written (if considered important)

Place of addressee

 

Lettres de cachet (CORNELL)

  

Autograph letter signed from Peter Garrick, Lichfield, to Mrs. Garrick, Adelphi Strand, London (L.g.130)

 

What the various codes recommend:

 

DACS:

 

Author + Form + recipient + subject (optional?)

  

Examples:

  

James Joyce letter to Maurice Saillet

 

Richard Nixon letter to H.R. Haldeman regarding the Watergate break-in

  

AACR2, 4.1B2:

  

Form + place of writing + addressee + place to which addressed

  

"Supply a title consisting of Letter (or Postcard, Telegram, etc.), the date of writing (expressed as year, month, day), the place of writing, the name of the addressee, and place to which addressed. Enclose any details not taken from the letter, etc., its envelope, or enclosures, in square brackets.

 

Examples:

  

[Letter, ca. 1898 Jan. 1] WorcesterPark, Surrey [to] George Gissing, Rome

  

[Postcard] 1898 March 1, Rome [to] H.G. Wells, WorcesterPark, Surrey

  

[Telegram] 1889 Feb. 8, London [to] James McNeill Whistler, Chelsea, London"

  

HOLLIS guidelines:

 

Form + recipient + place of writing + [place of addressee?]

 

"For letters, the recipient, place of writing, etc. after the word ‘letter’ or ‘letters’ go here.

Place of writing may be mentioned if given on the item and if considered important.

 

Example:

$k Letter : $$b to Henry VIII King of England, $$f1516.

 

Folger guidelines:

 

Form + "signed" + "from" writer + place of writing + recipient + place to which addressed?

 

Examples:

Autograph letter signed from M.E. Lewes [i.e. George Eliot], Waisenhaus Gasse, Dresden, to Oscar Browning ?h [manuscript], ?f 1867 August 23.

Autograph letter signed from Peter Garrick, Lichfield, to Mrs. Garrick, Adelphi Strand, London

[follows AACR in not using $b for recipient, place of writing, etc. info]

 

 

RDA, Nov. 2008 version:

 

Form + author + recipient

 

Letters from Don Banks to Suzanne Gleeson

[I don't think this is supposed to be prescriptive, but it is the only example that is relevant]

 

 

AMREMM: “For single letters, supply a title consisting, in the following order, of the form designation Letter, the date of writing (expressed as year, month, day), the place of writing, the name of addressee, and the place to which the letter is addressed.” Enclose in square brackets.

 

APPM:

 

Form + signed (appears in abbreviation, e.g. ALS)

 + place of writing + recipient + place to which addressed

 

$k Letter :$b Dublin, to Henrik Ibsen, Kristiania [Oslo]

 

$kALS :$bWorcester Park, Surrey, to George Gissing, Rome,

All data elements except form are treated as other title information (245$b in MARC)

 

Speeches, sermons, etc.

 

AACR:

“Supply a title consisting of an appropriate word (e.g., Speech, Address) followed by the place and/or the occasion of the delivery.

[Lecture, Royal College of Medicine, London].

 

For titled speeches, sermons, etc., supply the place and occasion [event and/or date] if they do not appear on the item, e.g.

In place of uncertainty [GMD] : a speech [to the Peace Pledge Union and Society of Friends, Friends Hall, London]”

 

APPM:

"...give the date of delivery of a speech, sermon, etc., if it differs from the date of the manuscript as given in the title"

 

 

 

1B2C. Legal documents

 

Creator

Form of document (bond, contract, deed, etc.)

Whether or not it is signed

Parties

Place written (optionally if considered important)

  

 

Arrest warrant : for Enoch Greenleaf (CORNELL)

  

Inventory of the goods and chattels of Sarah Birch (Bd.w. Z.e.10)

  

Petition and memorial to obtain possession of the family estates (manuscript copy)

  

Copy of proceedings in the House of Commons and the Earl of Bristol's speech

  

La philosphie morale ou ethique (manuscript copy) [move to section on formal titles]

 

 

(but information on the type of copy, e.g. "fair copy", "contemporary copy", "copy dated from the 17th century" should probably go in a note) [infomartion on copies to own section aeb]

   

What other codes recommend for other various supplied titles, mostly legal documents. 

  

AACR:

  

“Supply a title consisting of an appropriate word (e.g., Speech, Address) followed by the place and/or the occasion of the delivery.

  

[Lecture, Royal College of Medicine, London].

For titled speeches, sermons, etc., supply the place and occasion [event and/or date] if they do not appear on the item, e.g. 

 

In place of uncertainty [GMD] : a speech [to the Peace Pledge Union and Society of Friends, Friends Hall, London]” 

 

APPM:

  

"...give the date of delivery of a speech, sermon, etc., if it differs from the date of the manuscript as given in the title"

  

Legal documents (wills, deeds, mortgages, leases, warrants, commissions, treaties, etc.)

  

APPM gives no specific instructions about legal document.

  

AACR:

  

Supply a title consisting of a word or brief phrase characterizing the document, the date of signing (expressed as year, month, day), the name(s) of persons concerned other than those responsible for the document, and the occasion for the document if it can be expressed concisely. Enclose any details not taken from the document in square brackets.

  

[Will] 1943 Feb. 8

  

[Commission, ca. 1851 Apr. 9] appointing J.E. Bradshaw to command the Peshawar Battalion

  

[Lease, 1937 Oct. 17, of shop in Bridge St., Harrow, Middlesex]

  

Yale:

  

"For legal documents (wills, deeds, mortgages, leases, warrants etc.):

  

Supply a title consisting of a word or brief phrase characterizing the document, the name(s) of the other person(s) concerned besides the individual cited in the main entry, and the occasion for the document if it can be expressed concisely, ending with the date of signing, e.g.

  

245 10 |a Commission : |b appointing J.E. Bradshaw to command the Peshawar Battalion, |f [circa 1851 Apr 9].

  

Morgan varies: sometimes the occasion is included in the 245, more often it is in a summary of content note (520)

  

AMREMM: “Record the date of the content of an item—as opposed to its date of production—as part of the supplied title for letters, legal documents, and archival records…If an item is an original or autograph, assume the content date to be the same as its date of production.

  

Legal documents and archival records. For single legal documents and archival records, such as wills, deeds, charters, mortgages, leases, various manor rolls, warrants, commissions, writs, oaths, etc., supply a title consisting, in the following order, of a word or brief phrase characterizing the type of document, the date of execution (expressed as year, month, day), the name of the principal party or parties involved or to whom the document is directed, and the occasion for the document expressed concisely, insofar as this information can be ascertained.”

  

Question:

  

Is the place of signing important? (do we assume the same as the place of writing?) [JKN: it won’t always be, will it? For example, a lawyer can write up a document, but it gets signed and witnessed at the office of a notary] The place of signing seems to be important for a treaty, but maybe that's one of the few cases where it is--? (MN)

  

Petitions: include name of person to whom petition is addressed, e.g.:

  

Autograph petition signed :$b Johnson's Island, addressed to President Johnson, (MORGAN) 

 

Oneida Nation petition to Jasper Parrish (DACS)

  

Autograph petition : ‡b Salem prison, to Sir William Phipps [i.e., Phips], Governor of Massachusetts

  

Should petitioner's name be included, too? (like including name of letter writer in title?)

  

Wills: include name of testator in title? (Morgan records don't, except for copies:)

  

Last will and testament [the main entry tells you it is will of Pietro Biagio]

  

BUT

  

Copy of the Last Will and Testament of Wilkie Collins

  

Deed:

  

include details in title or not? (Morgan practice varies [JKN: I like the idea of including details in the title; easier for searching]

  

Manuscript deed : ‡b Schenectady,(PML)

  

Manuscript deed of a purchase by Mme. de Pompadour of a house in Passy in Paris,(PML)

  

Should also include guidelines for titles for small groups of mss [new rule aeb]

  

AMREMM (1B1.4): If an item containing two or more works lacks a collective title, treat the title of the predominant or most significant work (as determined by the cataloger)  as the title proper for the whole item. Follow this title with the mark of omission and "etc."  enclosed in square brackets (... [etc.])  and provide a complete list of the works contained in the item in a contents note, including the work selected as the title proper. Omit any statement of responsibility for the predominant or most significant work that is not a grammatically integral part of the title proper. Give appropriate added entry access (see Appendix 2).

  

JKN: Folger’s rules want to always make explicit the type of manuscript that’s being catalogued (i.e. letter, inventory, ledger, warrants) as part of the title element, as well as the name of the creator, if known.

  

“For scrapbooks without a formal title, the creator/compiler name goes first in the title segment. If the creator/compiler is unknown, begin with format (Scrapbook of material relating to ...) followed by subject, if present (in accordance with DACS and based on emails w/ HRW and DJL aeb)”

Scrapbook of clippings by and about Sir Walter Scott and Henry William Weber--MORGAN

  

Notes on supplied titles -- move to notes section 

 

Indicate in a note if a title is not a supplied title but was taken or derived from a source other than the item in hand. Indicate in a note if the title is present on the item but in a later hand. Optionally the cataloger can always indicate source of title.

  

I am a jolly huntsman, my voice is shrill and clear  

Note: Title from opening two lines of poem  

(Comment: Title is not bracketed because the first page of text is here the title page substitute)

 

Observations on a bill relative to the militia 

Note: Title devised from content  

(Comment: Opening words “Herewith and the desire of being serviceable in the smallest degree to my country ...” not suitable as title)

  

Sermon on Christian baptism 

Note: Title devised from content of sermon

 

{EOK: these examples all seem to contradict the rest of the document; are they a remnant of an earlier draft? We never bracket titles, and  we normally don't indicate that the title is devised from the content of the item.  The poem example is a bad one, because it's such a common convention to use the first line or lines of the poem as the title; what might warrant a note is when the original ms of the poem does not include a title, but the poem subsequently became known by a title (say, Elegy, or Requiem). In that case, the cataloger might use the title by which it became known, but note that this does not appear on the ms. The second example doesn't work because the opening words of the text are clearly not a title, and there isn't a tradition, as there is for poetry, of naming a work after the first two lines, so it's not an option to use the opening words as the title. (I realize that there is such a tradition for medieval mss, which are often id'ed by their incipits, but I don't think the same is true for later mss). In this example, the cataloger might choose to  transcribe the opening words, if it would help users identify the item, but that's a separate issue.

 

1BXX. Multiple works in a single physical item [type of supplied title? Or move to appx B?] 

 

1C. Formal title

  

1C1. General rule

  

1C1.1.  Transcribe the title on the formal title page or colophon as part of this element. Transcribe it as it appears in the source.

  

 

Complot d'Arnold et de Henry Clinton contre les Etats Unis [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 100]

 

Sketches from the uncivilized races of men [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 103+]

 

  

 

Lazarus : Drama in 3 Handlungen [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 113++]

 

  

 

The frolick's, or, The lawyer cheated : an new comedey, the first coppy [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 143]

 

  

 

Voyage of the embassy of the Dutch East India Company to the Emperor of China in the years 1794 and 1795 [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 99+]

 

  

 

Histoire de la famille Bonheur jusqu'au 1849 [MN]

  

1C2 1C1. Formal title proper on formal title page or colophon

  

1C2.1. 1C1.1 Transcribing a formal title proper [or General rule]

 

The title proper is the first element of the description. Title information preceding the chief title on the title page is considered part of the title proper. If the chief title is preceded or followed in the source by other elements of information, transpose these elements to their appropriate areas in the description (or give them in a note) unless case endings would be affected, the grammatical construction of the information would be disturbed, or the text is otherwise grammatically inseparable from the title proper. In the latter cases, transcribe the information as part of the title proper.

  

Complot d'Arnold et de Henry Clinton contre les Etats Unis [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 100]

  

Sketches from the uncivilized races of men [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 103+]

  

Lazarus : Drama in 3 Handlungen [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 113++]

  

The frolick's, or, The lawyer cheated : an new comedey, the first coppy [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 143]

  

Voyage of the embassy of the Dutch East India Company to the Emperor of China in the years 1794 and 1795 [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 99+]

  

Histoire de la famille Bonheur jusqu'au 1849 [MN]

  

Institutiones philosophicae in Collegio St. Edmundi Duaci [KSM, uncataloged Ms.]

  

1C2.2. 1C1.2. If the manuscript's title is misleading or uninformative, use judgment as to whether to transcribe the title or to supply one. See 1B5.

  

1C2.3. 1C1.3. Allowed omissions in title page transcriptions. If transcribing a formal title page or colophon omit, without using the mark of omission, information found on the title page that constitutes non-title information. Such information may include pious invocations, quotations, devices, announcements, epigrams, mottoes, dedications, statements of patronage, etc. (see 0G5.2). Transcribe or describe this kind of information in a note if it is considered important. If such information is a grammatically inseparable part (see 1B1) of one of the elements of the title and statement of responsibility area, however, transcribe it as such. If such information constitutes the only title-like information present in the source, it may be used as a devised title according to the provisions of 1B5.

{EOK: But haven't we already said that this type of information is non-title information? Why use it as a title, instead of devising a useful title? It can be transcribed in a note, if the cataloger feels it would help to identify the physical object.}

  

1C2.4.  1C1.4. Notes on the formal title proper

  

1C2.4.1.  1C1.4.1. Indicate in a note if the title information is in a script or hand later than the main body of text of the manuscript.  [This is now in the Notes area, too--MN]

 

1C2.4.2.  1C1.4.2. If considered important, give the source of the title in a note. [7B3.1 says to always make a note on the source of a formal title; I think elsewhere we say to make a note if the formal title comes from someplace other than the title page or colophon. Which of these is our policy?  MN]

{EOK: At some point, I'd like to clarify what we mean by a formal title. I think we mean something like, the sort of title that would appear on the title page of the work if it was issued by a publisher. Sometimes this title appears on the item itself, sometimes it appears in another source. Sometimes it is invented by the author, sometimes by someone else (in which case, it is a supplied title--it's just not supplied by the cataloger, but by some predecessor).  At any rate, I'm comfortable with saying, make a note on the source of the formal title if it is not on the t.p. or colophon, as long as we make it very clear that this rule does not apply to non-formal titles.

 

 

1C2.5. 1C1.5. Forms of the formal title proper

  

The formal title proper can take a variety of forms, some of which are exemplified below: [Since exact title transcription is less important for manuscripts than for books, I wonder whether we could compress 1B2 into "The formal title proper can take a variety of forms, as described in DCRM(B) [section number]."--MN]

{EOK: I'd like to do that, but isn't there a principle of sufficiency, i.e. that your rules have to be pretty self-contained, so that users aren't compelled to consult all sorts of other sources?}

  

1C2.5.1.  1C1.5.1. Title proper inclusive of other titles or other title information appearing before the chief title on the title page: 

 

[Need different examples]

  

1C2.5.2. 1C1.5.2. Title proper inclusive of alternative titles:

  

L'adoption, ou, La maçonerie des dames [MN--4600 Bd. Ms. 534]

  

1C2.5.3. 1C1.5.3. Title proper consisting solely of the name of a responsible person or body [this is something that will get a supplied title in our rules] 

 

Salustius 

 

1C2.7.  1C1.6. Title proper with supplementary or section designation or title

  

If the title proper for a work that is supplementary to, or a section of, another work appears in two or more grammatically separable parts, transcribe the title of the main work first, followed by the designation(s) and/or title(s) of the supplement(s) or section(s) in order of their dependence. Separate the parts of the title proper by periods. If the arrangement indicated requires transposition, make a note to indicate the actual reading of the titles.

  

Faust. Part one 

Note: Title page reads: Part one. Faust

  

1C2.8.  1C1.7. Abridgments of the title proper

  

1C2.8.1.  1C1.7.1. General rule. Abridge a long title proper if it can be done without loss of essential information. Do not omit any of the first five words. Indicate omissions by the mark of omission. If desired, give the remainder of the title in a note. [compare with instruction about rewording cumbersome titles]

  

An act or law passed by the General Court or Assembly of His Majesty's English colony of Connecticut ... on the seventh day of February ... 1759

  

Opinions of various nations concerning ye Supreme Being ...

Note: Title continues: "& ye worship due to Him, the immortality of ye soul, a state of future rewards & punishments, an account also of their philosophy & morality." [4600 Bd. Ms. 633, MN]

  

1C2.8.2.  1C1.7.2. Alternative title. If the title proper contains an alternative title, do not omit any of the first five words of the alternative title.

  

England's alarm, or, A most humble declaration, address, and fervent petition ...

  

1C3.  Parallel titles on formal title page or colophon [look for real-world examples]

  

1C3.1.  Order and source of parallel titles

  

Transcribe parallel titles in the order indicated by their sequence on, or by the layout of, the title page. If the original title appears elsewhere than on the title page, transcribe it in a note, if considered important.

  

1C3.2.  Language of parallel titles and relationship to title proper

  

1C3.2.1.  Transcribe an original title in a language different from that of the title proper appearing on the title page as a parallel title, unless it is grammatically inseparable from another part of the description. 

 

Fables = Fabulae [example from Books?]

  

1C3.2.2.  Transcribe as other title information an original title in the same language as the title proper (see 1D).

  

The adventures of Red Riding Hood : Little Red Riding Hood

  

1C4.  Other title information on formal title page or colophon

 

1C4.1.  Order and source of other title information

  

Transcribe other title information appearing on the title page in the order indicated by the sequence on, or layout of, the title page.

  

1C4.2.  Other title information beginning with prepositions, conjunctions, etc.

  

1C4.2.1.  General rule. Transcribe title information that appears following the title proper as other title information, even if it begins with a preposition, conjunction, prepositional phrase, etc.

 

Of Hell : its originall, the place, the torments : with observations natural, moral, poetical, divine [MN--4600 Bd. Ms. 569 tiny]

  

1C4.2.2.  If this other title information appears following the statement of responsibility, treat it as other title information.

  

1C4.2.3.  If this other title information, or some portion of it, constitutes a formal statement of the contents of the work, and is grammatically separable from the title proper and other title information, transcribe it in a note, if considered important (see 7B16.2). When these formal statements are omitted from the title and statement of responsibility area, use the mark of omission. 

 

The spinning wheel's garland : containing several excellent new songs ...

Optional note: Contents: (from t.p.) I. The good housewife's coat of arms -- II. The spinning wheels glory -- III. The taylor disappointed of his bride -- IV. The changeable world

  

1C4.2.4.  Distinguish the above situations from those in which titles of other works are given equal prominence with the first-named work (see 1F1 1G?).

 

1C4.4.  Abridgment of other title information

  

Optionally, if other title information is very lengthy and can be abridged without loss of essential information, omit less important words or phrases, using the mark of omission. If considered important, transcribe omitted words or phrases in a note (including the other titles or phrases referred to in 1D2.3).

  

Opinions of various nations concerning ye Supreme Being ...

Title on item: Opinions of various nations concerning ye Supreme Being, & ye worship due to Him, the immortality of ye soul, a state of future rewards & punishments, an account also of their philosophy & morality. [4600 Bd. Ms. 633, CUL]

  

1C4.5.  Other title information with grammatically inseparable elements

  

If the other title information includes a statement of responsibility or an element belonging to another area, and the element is a grammatically inseparable part of the other title information according to one or more of the conditions enumerated in 1B1.1, transcribe it as other title information.

  

Constitutiones legitime seu legative regionis Anglicane : cu[m] subtilissima interpretatione Johannis de Athon 

(Comment: Statement of responsibility transcribed as part of other title information because of genitive case ending)

 

1C4.6.  Parallel statements containing other title information

Transcribe parallel statements containing other title information in the order in which they appear on the title page.

  

1C5.  Inaccurate formal title

 

1C5.1.  Formal title is present in a contemporary or later hand, but is inaccurate. If the formal title is inaccurate, use judgment as to whether to transcribe it as the manuscript's title, or to supply a title. In general, if the formal title completely misrepresents the nature of the manuscript, supply a title and give the formal title in a note. Trace the formal title as an additional title if considered useful.

  

1C5.2.  Formal title is present, but is struck out. If a formal title is present but is struck out, try to determine whether it was struck out as part of the manuscript's original composition or at a later date. If it was struck out originally, treat the manuscript as if it had no formal title (see 1F1 or 1G1). If the formal title was struck out at a later date, transcribe it, and mention in a note that it is struck out by a later hand.

  

1C5.3.  Formal title is supplied in a later hand. If the formal title is supplied in a later hand, transcribe it, but make a note to the effect that it was supplied later. 

 

1C5.4.  Formal title is present, but partially illegible. If a formal title is partially illegible, use judgment as to whether enough of it is legible to make it informative. If so, transcribe all that is legible. Use the mark of omission for the illegible portion(s) of the title, and explain the reason for the omission in a note.

  

Reise von Saint-Louis nach dem "Fort Gibson" im "Indian Territory, Che-rokee Nation," und von dort weiter ... im Sommer 1850 [MN, ++4600 Bd. Ms. 627a] 

Note: Words following "von dort weiter" are illegible.

  

1C5.5.  Formal title is present but completely illegible. See 1X1 and 1X1.

  

1C5.6.  Formal title is present and accurate, but not useful. In some cases, the manuscript may have a formal title which is uninformative, or which does not reflect what is important about the work or why the repository has it. In these cases, supply a title which describes the material. Also trace the formal title as given on the manuscript.

  

Title on source: Carte radicata Imperiale reale e realetta [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 622]

  

Title proper in catalog record: Marbled paper sample books

  

"Other title" tracing in catalog record: Carte radicata Imperiale reale e realetta

  

Title on source: My crucible [MN, 4609 Bd. Ms. 3]

  

Title proper in catalog record: Stanislaus Joyce diary

  

"Other title" tracing in catalog record: My crucible

 

1CXXX. Title present on the work in a place other than title page or colophon [is the rest of 1C repeated above or just all needs to be renumbered? aeb]

 

If a title is present on the work only in a place other than the title page or colophon, treat it as a formal title (subject to the considerations in 1B above). If considered important, make a note on the source of the title.

 

1CX. If the work bears several different titles in different places, treat as a formal title the one that is either the most prominent or the most descriptive of the work. Also trace as added titles any of the other titles that a user would likely interpret as the work's formal title. [retrieve EOK comment about spine titles etc. from version 4]

 

1CX. Formal title is not present on the work (or not legible), but readily available.

 

If a formal title is not present (or legible) on the work, but is readily available from its housing or accompanying material, treat it as a formal title. Make a note on the source of the title.

  

1CX. Formal title is not present on the work (or not legible), but is available from other sources.

 

1CX. Title-like information is present, but is not intended as a formal title.  If title-like information is present, but evidently is not intended as a formal title, use judgment as to whether to treat it as the formal title, to add a descriptive word or phrase to make it a more informative formal title, or to supply a title. If supplying a title, also provide an added title tracing for the title-like phrase on the manuscript if considered useful.

 

Spine title: Kipling, the end 

 

Title as recorded: "Kipling, the end" scrapbook 

 

[4610 Bd. Ms. 4+, MN--not sure this is how best to handle this case, but it's one way]

 

1CX. Formal title is not present, but the manuscript is known by a firmly established title. If the manuscript is known by a firmly established title (a title which is well known and/or has long been used for the work), use that as the work's title. Add a note to the effect that this title is supplied by the cataloger. 

 

Gettysburg address

  

Pélleas et Mélisande : autograph manuscript

 

[EOK: We have Maeterlinck's manuscript of this--the ms is intact, he just didn't have a title at the time he composed it] 

 

1CX. Manuscripts without a collective title: fold into section 1x? 

 

1CX. Two or more works named on the title page or in the colophon

  

1CX.1. By same person or body. If the publication manuscript has no collective title and the title page bears the titles of two or more individual works, other than supplementary matter, that are contained in the publication manuscript, transcribe the titles of the individual works in the order in which they appear on the title page. Separate the titles by a space-semicolon-space if the works are all by the same person(s) or body (bodies), even if the titles are linked by a connecting word or phrase. 

 

[Need new example]

1CX.2. By different persons or bodies. If the individual works are by different persons or bodies, or the authorship is in doubt, precede each title other than the first by a period and one space, unless a linking word or phrase is already present. Precede each statement of responsibility by a space-slash-space.

 

[Need new example]

 

1CX. Multiple title pages

  

If the manuscript contains two or more works, each with its own title page, transcribe the titles and statements of responsibility as instructed in AACR2 [rule no.]. If the works are all by a single author, use a single statement of responsibility preceded by all the titles.

  

Rudyard Kipling, a memoir ; Kipling and his India / by Edmonia Hill [Cormell + 4610 Bd. Ms. 21]

  

If the works are by various authors, transcribe the statement of responsibility for each work following the title of that work.

 

1CX. One or more works not named on the title page

  

If the manuscript has no collective title, and one or more works contained in the manuscript are not named on the title page:

  

Options below should be offered in discussion on multiple titles in an item, whether supplied or not, on a title page or not, etc.

  

Make a separate description for each separately titled work, linking the separate descriptions with “With” notes (see 7B18)

  

or     transcribe the title and statement of responsibility from the title page, and name the other work(s) in a contents note (see 7B16)

  

or     supply a collective title for the whole manuscript, preferably in the language and script of the cataloging agency, and use as the title proper

  

[Acts of Parliament enacted in 1732]

 

1D. Statements of responsibility

  

Statements of responsibility will only be used with formal titles that appear on the item in hand. For supplied titles, see section on "Creators" 1E

 

1D1. Statements of responsibility on the title page or in the colophon

  

Transcribe statements of responsibility found on the title page or in the colophon in the form in which they appear.

  

[Need new examples]

 

1D2. ??? 

 

1D3. Transposition of statements of responsibility

  

If a statement of responsibility precedes the formal title in the source, transpose it to its required position unless it is a grammatically inseparable part of the title proper according to one or more of the conditions enumerated in 1B1.1. When transposing the statement of responsibility, do not use the mark of omission.

  

[Need new examples]

 

1D4. Single statements of responsibility with two or more names

  

1D4.1. Transcribe a single statement of responsibility as such whether the two or more persons or corporate bodies named in it perform the same function or different functions. 

 

[Need new examples]

  

1D4.2. If a respondent and praeses are given for an academic disputation, treat both names and the words indicative of their function as part of a single statement of responsibility (unless grammatically inseparable from the title proper or other title information). 

 

[Need new examples]

 

1D5. Omission of names in statements of responsibility

  

When a single statement of responsibility names more than one person or corporate body performing the same function or with the same degree of responsibility, transcribe all the names mentioned. Optionally, if the responsible persons or bodies named in a single statement are considered too numerous to list exhaustively, all after the third may be omitted. Indicate the omission by the mark of omission and supply “et al.” in square brackets.

  

[Need new examples]

 

1D6. Two or more statements of responsibility

  

If there are two or more statements of responsibility, transcribe them in the order indicated by their sequence on, or by the layout of, the title page. If the sequence and layout are ambiguous or insufficient to determine the order, transcribe the statements in the order that makes the most sense. [Question: How do we square instructions like this with the possibility that these rules will be used in creating a finding aid rather than a catalog record? MN]

  

[Need new examples, i.e. author and a scribe or copyist]

  

1D7. Terms of address, etc., in statements of responsibility

  

Include titles and abbreviations of titles of nobility, address, honor, and distinction that appear with names in statements of responsibility.

  

[Need new examples]

 

1D8. Qualifications in statements of responsibility

  

Qualifications such as initials indicating membership in societies, academic degrees, and statements of positions held may be omitted from the statement of responsibility, using the mark of omission, unless:

  

the qualifications are necessary grammatically

  

or     the qualifications are necessary for identifying the person or are useful in establishing a context for the person’s activity (initials of religious orders, phrases, or adjectives denoting place names, etc.)

  

or     the statement of responsibility represents the author only by a pseudonym, a descriptive phrase, or nonalphabetic symbols.

 

1D9. Ambiguous statements of responsibility 

 

If the relationship between the title of a work and the person(s) or body (bodies) named in the statement of responsibility is not clear, supply an explanatory word or short phrase in the language of the text, within square brackets, or make a note.

  

De l'humour noir / [compilé par] André Breton

  

If considered important, make notes about expansions, explanations, and corrections of statements of responsibility when needed for clarity (see 7B6).

  

1D10. Statements of responsibility in more than one language or script

  

1D10.1. If there are titles in more than one language or script, but only a single statement of responsibility, transcribe the statement of responsibility after all the title information.

  

[Need new example]

  

1D10.2. If there are both titles and statements of responsibility in more than one language or script, transcribe each statement of responsibility after the title proper, parallel title, or other title information to which it relates. If any of these titles lack a matching statement of responsibility, transcribe the information in the order indicated by the sequence on, or by the layout of, the title page.

 

[Are there any examples?] 

 

1D11. Nouns and noun phrases

  

1D11.1. Treat a noun or noun phrase occurring in conjunction with a statement of responsibility as other title information if it is indicative of the nature of the work.

  

Dr. Johann Faust : Volksschauspiel  / vom Plagwitzer Sommertheater [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 129]

  

The frolick's, or, The lawyer cheated : an new comedey, the first coppy / written by Ms. E.P. [4600 Bd. Ms. 143]

  

1D11.2. If the noun or noun phrase is indicative of the role of the person(s) or body (bodies) named in the statement of responsibility rather than of the nature of the work, treat it as part of the statement of responsibility.

  

[Need new examples]

  

1D11.3. In case of doubt, treat the noun or noun phrase as part of the statement of responsibility.

  

1D12. Persons or bodies not explicitly named in statements of responsibility

  

Transcribe a statement of responsibility as such even if no person or body is explicitly named in that statement. Such statements will generally contain words like “translated,” “edited,” “compiled,” etc. 

 

[Need new example]

  

1D13. Statements of responsibility with grammatically inseparable elements

  

If the statement of responsibility includes information belonging to another area, and the information is grammatically inseparable from the statement of responsibility according to one or more of the conditions enumerated in 1B1.1, transcribe it as part of the statement of responsibility.

  

[Need new example]

 

1D14. Phrases about notes, appendixes, etc.

  

1D14.1. Transcribe phrases about notes, appendixes, and such accompanying matter in the order indicated by the sequence on the title page. If such information appears before the statement of responsibility, transcribe it as other title information (see 1D2.1).

  

[Need new example]

  

Chemische Erfahrungen bey meinem und andern Fabriken in Deutschland : nebst einem Anhang besonderer chemischer Geheimnisse / von J.A. Weber

 

Clarion call : with Franklin Phelps' criticisms / by Lunceford Yates

  

1D14.2. If such information appears after the statement of responsibility, transcribe it as a subsequent statement of responsibility, whether or not it names a person or body.

  

[Need new example - from galleys?]

 

High life below stairs : a farce / by James Townley ; with a variety of German notes explanatory of the idioms ... alluded to by John Christian Huttner

  

Some remarks on the Barrier Treaty, between Her Majesty and the States-General / by the author of The conduct of the allies ; to which are added the said Barrier-Treaty ; with the two separate articles ...

  

Monsieur Bossu's treatise of the epick poem ... / done into English from the French, with a new original preface upon the same subject, by W.J. ; to which are added An essay upon Satyr by Monsieur d'Acier ; and A treatise upon pastorals by Monsieur Fontanelle

  

1D14.3. Optionally, if the phrases are very lengthy and can be abridged without loss of essential information, omit less important words or phrases, using the mark of omission. If considered important, transcribe omitted phrases in a note. If the phrases are actually titles of other works given equal prominence with the title of the first work, see 1F.

 

1DXX. Inaccurate statement of responsibility

 

1DX. Statement of responsibility is present in a contemporary or later hand, but is inaccurate.

 

1DX. Statement of responsibility is present, but is struck out.

 

1DX. Statement of responsibility is supplied in a later hand.

 

1DX. No legible statement of responsibility

 

1E. Creators

 

Need to work on section

DACS 2.6, Name of creator(s) element:  "A  description of the context in which the materials being described were created, assembled, accumulated, and/or maintained is as important as the description of the materials themselves. One of the most significant aspects of establishing the context of creation is to identify the individual, family, or organization responsible for that process. Depending on the materials being described, the archivist may express that relationship by various terms:  creator, author, collector, artist, cartographer, or, more generically, as the provenance of the materials. Multiple individuals and organizations may serve multiple roles with respect to a given body of records. For example, a published document might be filed with a regulatory agency. The company that created a report would be its author, while the government body was responsible for assembling this report with others into a series of records. Both played a role in the creation of the materials that have come to the repository."

 

A manuscript often has a creator who is not the author in the traditional sense, and who is not formally identified on the item. Archivists use the term "creator" to refer to the individual or group that created, assembled, accumulated, and/or maintained a collection of archival materials. In the case of a single item, the creator may be the author, but alternatively, it could still be someone other than an author: for instance, the assembler of a scrapbook, the compiler of a letterbook, the collector of an album full of autographs, or the organization whose meetings generated a notebook of minutes.

 

If the manuscript has a formal title page or colophon containing a formal statement of responsibility, transcribe it (see 1D). If the manuscript lacks a formal title page or colophon, but the creator's identity can be expressed succinctly, include it as part of the title.

 

Emma Mitchell diary [6603 Bd. Ms. 1, Cornell]

 

Ledyard (N.Y.) School District No. 6 cashbook [656, Cornell]

 

Samuel Taylor Coleridge letter to Thomas Clarkson [4621 Bd. Ms. 6+, Cornell]

 

If the creator's relation to the work requires further description, describe it in a note (see 7xx).

 

[Examples of 520, 561, and 541 notes]

 

Original autograph manuscript of the speech Shaw wrote for Mrs. Campbell, who read it at the dinner given in honor of J.T. Grein, the founder of the Independent Theatre of the 90's, by the O.P. Club in 1928. [4617 Bd. Ms. 40+, Cornell]

 

Manuscript including drafts of "Postscript on Sir John Moore's letters," which comprises p. 206-216 of De Quincey's published appendix to Wordsworth's essay, "Concerning the relations of Great Britain, Spain and Portugal to each other and the common enemy at this crisis, and specifically as affected by the Convention of Cintra" (first edition, 1809). [4621 Bd. Ms. 9]

 

Provenance: Cynthia Morgan St. John (bookplate). [4621 Bd. Ms. 354++]

 

If the creator's identity and background require further explanation, describe them in a note on the creator's biographical or administrative history (see 7xx).

 

In a bibliographic record, use the names of creators, receivers, contributors, and (optionally)  former owners of the manuscript as access points.

 

 

  

1F. Date of production/creation.

 

1F1. General rule 

 

1F1.1. Record dates of production/creation as part of this element. Normalize dates to the formula year, month, day, according to the Gregorian calendar, regardless of the form they appear in the original. If considered important, record in a note the original form of the date as it appears on the item.

  

1F1.2. Record the date expressed as year, month, day. Do not abbreviate months. The date needs to be in the language of the cataloging record. The date always follows the title.

  

Autograph letter signed from David Garrick to Samuel Johnson, 1749 July 23.

  

1F1.2.1 If considered important, include time of day, if given (e.g. “Morning”  "evening" 9 p.m.) in a note. If you have to resolve a conflict (e.g. two letters w/ same title and date, but are sent at different times of day, include this information in the title.

  

1F1.3. Do not include words and phrases such as "in the year" and "anno" as part of this element. If considered important, record this information in a note.

  

[Need examples??]

  

1F1.4. If you are transcribing a formal title where the date is grammatically inseparable from that title, transcribe it within that area or element and record the date again in the date of production/creation area after the title element.

 

 

My 1812 Summer in Rome, 1812 (Diane to provide Grand Tour diary examples)

  

Italy review'd in 1729 & 1730, in two parts, 1730. DJD example, as also

  

Memoranda, from a journal of tours made upon the continent at various periods beginning in 1821, with illustrations sketched upon the spot, 1821-1836.

  

(Item title gives dates of original composition, but item itself is a later copy:--Alison;s example is better,  but we may need two or three for this one.)DJD

  

Journal 3 May-26 September 1826, circa 1840.

  

Sarah Sutton 1854 travel diary, 19th century (Bancroft BANC MSS 2005/1 p; note the date in the title differs from the date the item was produced... AB)

  

1F1.5 For copies, catalog the date that the physical document was created, but also provide the date of the original creation (in the title area). The date of creation of the source is part of title statement and does not need to be normalized; date of creation of the copy in hand is in the date area. If possible, provide a conjectural date for both the date of the source being copied and the date of the copy in hand.

  

[Need real-world examples]

  

Copy of letter from James I, King of England, to unknown recipient July 22, 1607 (manuscript), circa 1630 

 

Copy of July 22 1607 letter from James I, King of England, to unknown recipient (manuscript), circa 1630

  

Letter from James I, King of England, to unknown recipient, July 22 1607 (manuscript copy), circa 1630

  

Copy of 17th century treatise on arminianism (manuscript), 1745

 

Treatise on arminianism, 17th century (manuscript copy), 1745

  

1F2. Adjustments or additions

  

1F3. Dates that will end up looking the same, i.e. they will all normalize (working title/concept)

  

Dates will all follow the pattern year, month, day, regardless of how it appears in original item. For example, convert Roman numerals, chronograms, narrative dates, saint days, different dating systems (with the exception of Lady Day dates, and dates that include both the old style and ne; explain in FN). If considered important, record the original form of the date in a note. Likewise, with LD and O/N Style dating, if considered important, include normalized date in note.

 

a) Roman numerals: 

                    

, 1760 July 4

Note: Date appears on item as: July 4 MDCCLX.

(Comment: Transcribing the roman numerals as it apears on the item in a note is optional)

  

b) Chronograms:

  

[Need examples]

 

c) Narrative dates, saint's days, regnal years, etc.:

  

, 1507 May 18

Note: Date expressed in Latin words on t.p.: "Anno gratiae millesimo quingentesimo septimo die vero decimoctavo Maij."

  

, 1603/04 March 15

Note: Date expressed in Latin on manuscript: "decimo quinto die Martij Anno domini 1603 Primo Jacobi Regis"

  

, 1202 July 28 [please check our math!]

 

 

Note: Date on manuscript expressed as "The third day after the feast of Saint Christopher in the fourth year of the reign of King John."  

  

, 1444

Note: Date on manuscript expressed as "22 Henry VI"

 

d) Lady Day dating 

 

If the year of production/creation is based on the new year beginning on Lady Day (March 25), transcribe the date according to double-dating principles. In case of doubt, do not adjust the year. 

 

, 1588/9 February 8

Note: Date on manuscript reads "Februar. 8. anno 1588"

 

e) Old Style (Julian) / New Style (Gregorian) dating 

 

If two dates appear in the manuscript, representing both Julian (Old Style) and Gregorian (New Style) dating, transcribe both dates, separated by a slash.

  

, 1750 September 2/13

 

f) Old Style/New Style AND Lady Day dating

  

If the original date reflects both old style/new style and Lady Day dating, transcribe as below:

  

, 1649/50 January 29/19

Note: Date on manuscript appears as "Paris this 29/19 January 1650 stylo novo." 

 

, 1604/5 January 19/29

  

, 1610/11 January 29 / February 8

  

1F4: Dates that will end up looking different from our formula (you cannot normalize to single year, month, day)

  

Inclusive dates:

 

[Need example - use Alison's chart for different kinds of inclusive dates]

  

Dating systems other than the Julian or Gregorian calendar:

  

If the date can be converted to Gregorian, then do so and add either a note of the original form of the date or a transcription of the date. 

 

a) Hebrew calendar:

  

, 1866 or 1867

Note: Date appears in manuscript as "shenat 627."

 

b) French Revolutionary calendar:

  

, 1798 or 1799

Note: Date appears in manuscript as "an VII"

  

, 1794 between January 20 and February 18

Note: Date appears in manuscript as "pluviose 1794."

 

1F5: Other

  

1F5.1. Fictitious or incorrect dates. If the year of production/creation is known to be fictitious or is incorrect, supply the correct year record the incorrect date in a note.

  

, 1730

Note: Date appears in manuscript as 1703

  

1F5.2. Date of production/creation supplied from reference sources:

  

If the date of production/creation does not appear in the manuscript but is known, supply it from any source, preferably a reliable bibliography or reference work, and normalize it according to these rules. If not based on internal evidence, provide the source of the supplied date and any needed explanation in a note.

  

, 1616 July 1

Note: Date from The works of Sir Walter Ralegh, 1829, v. 1, p. 473

  

, 1906 April

Note: Date extrapolated from subject of letter

Comment: Letter is eye-wintess account of the San Francisco earthquake

 

 

1F5.3. Conjectural date of production/creation:

  

Supply a conjectural date of production/creation based on any reliable information available. If not based on internal evidence, Indicate the basis for the conjecture in a note.

  

Watermark example

  

Example based on knowledge of life of the letter-writer or recipient

  

General historical era (i.e. Queen Victoria)

 

 

OLDER  VERSION  STARTS  HERE

  

Beginning part has been fully incorporated above, so is deleted here--MN

 

 

Specific categories within situation 2:

 

 

1H. Multiple works in a single physical item

 

Move following sections to the top. Prescribed punctuation deeds to be after a "STOP - decision to be made" warning for bibliographic or archival worlds. When distinguishing between bibliographic and archival we are not talking about finding aids vs MARC records, we are talking about the different communities.

 

[Sections 1A2-1B3 are fully incorporated at the beginning of this Area, so are deleted here--MN]

  

 

1B4.  Other title information on formal title page or colophon

 

1B4.1.  Order and source of other title information

 

Transcribe other title information appearing on the title page in the order indicated by the sequence on, or layout of, the title page. 

 

1B4.2.  Other title information beginning with prepositions, conjunctions, etc.

 

1B4.2.1.  General rule. Transcribe title information that appears following the title proper as other title information, even if it begins with a preposition, conjunction, prepositional phrase, etc. 

 

Of Hell : its originall, the place, the torments : with observations natural, moral, poetical, divine [MN--4600 Bd. Ms. 569 tiny]

 

1B4.2.2.  If this other title information appears following the statement of responsibility, treat it as other title information.

 

1B4.2.3.  If this other title information, or some portion of it, constitutes a formal statement of the contents of the work, and is grammatically separable from the title proper and other title information, transcribe it in a note, if considered important (see 7B16.2). When these formal statements are omitted from the title and statement of responsibility area, use the mark of omission.

 

The spinning wheel's garland : containing several excellent new songs ...

Optional note: Contents: (from t.p.) I. The good housewife's coat of arms -- II. The spinning wheels glory -- III. The taylor disappointed of his bride -- IV. The changeable world

 

1B4.2.4.  Distinguish the above situations from those in which titles of other works are given equal prominence with the first-named work (see 1F1 1G?). 

 

1B4.4.  Abridgment of other title information

 

Optionally, if other title information is very lengthy and can be abridged without loss of essential information, omit less important words or phrases, using the mark of omission. If considered important, transcribe omitted words or phrases in a note (including the other titles or phrases referred to in 1D2.3).

 

Opinions of various nations concerning ye Supreme Being ...

 

Title on item: Opinions of various nations concerning ye Supreme Being, & ye worship due to Him, the immortality of ye soul, a state of future rewards & punishments, an account also of their philosophy & morality. [4600 Bd. Ms. 633, MN]

 

1B4.5.  Other title information with grammatically inseparable elements

 

If the other title information includes a statement of responsibility or an element belonging to another area, and the element is a grammatically inseparable part of the other title information according to one or more of the conditions enumerated in 1B1.1, transcribe it as other title information.

 

Constitutiones legitime seu legative regionis Anglicane : cu[m] subtilissima interpretatione Johannis de Athon

(Comment: Statement of responsibility transcribed as part of other title information because of genitive case ending)

1B4.6.  Parallel statements containing other title information

 

Transcribe parallel statements containing other title information in the order in which they appear on the title page.

 

1B5.  Inaccurate formal title

1B5.1.  Formal title is present in a contemporary or later hand, but is inaccurate. If the formal title is inaccurate, use judgment as to whether to transcribe it as the manuscript's title, or to supply a title. In general, if the formal title completely misrepresents the nature of the manuscript, supply a title and give the formal title in a note. Trace the formal title as an additional title if considered useful.

 

1B5.2.  Formal title is present, but is struck out. If a formal title is present but is struck out, try to determine whether it was struck out as part of the manuscript's original composition or at a later date. If it was struck out originally, treat the manuscript as if it had no formal title (see 1F1 or 1G1). If the formal title was struck out at a later date, transcribe it, and mention in a note that it is struck out by a later hand.

 

1B5.3.  Formal title is supplied in a later hand. If the formal title is supplied in a later hand, transcribe it, but make a note to the effect that it was supplied later.

 

1B5.4.  Formal title is present, but partially illegible. If a formal title is partially illegible, use judgment as to whether enough of it is legible to make it informative. If so, transcribe all that is legible. Use the mark of omission for the illegible portion(s) of the title, and explain the reason for the omission in a note.

 

Reise von Saint-Louis nach dem "Fort Gibson" im "Indian Territory, Che-rokee Nation," und von dort weiter ... im Sommer 1850 [MN, ++4600 Bd. Ms. 627a]

Note: Words following "von dort weiter" are illegible.

 

1B5.5.  Formal title is present but completely illegible. See 1F1 and 1G1.

 

1B5.6.  Formal title is present and accurate, but not useful. In some cases, the manuscript may have a formal title which is uninformative, or which does not reflect what is important about the work or why the repository has it. In these cases, supply a title which describes the material. Also trace the formal title as given on the manuscript.

 

Title on source: Carte radicata Imperiale reale e realetta [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 622]

Title proper in catalog record: Marbled paper sample books

"Other title" tracing in catalog record: Carte radicata Imperiale reale e realetta

 

Title on source: My crucible [MN, 4609 Bd. Ms. 3]

Title proper in catalog record: Stanislaus Joyce diary

"Other title" tracing in catalog record: My crucible

 

 

1C. Title present on the work in a place other than title page or colophon

 

1F. Formal title not present on the work (or not legible), but readily available

 

1F1. Formal title is not present on the work (or not legible), but is available from other sources.

 

1F2. Title-like information is present, but is not intended as a formal title.  If title-like information is present, but evidently is not intended as a formal title, use judgment as to whether to treat it as the formal title, to add a descriptive word or phrase to make it a more informative formal title, or to supply a title. If supplying a title, also provide an added title tracing for the title-like phrase on the manuscript if considered useful.

 

Spine title: Kipling, the end

Title as recorded: "Kipling, the end" scrapbook

[4610 Bd. Ms. 4+, MN--not sure this is how best to handle this case, but it's one way]

 

1F3. Formal title is not present, but the manuscript is known by a firmly established title. If the manuscript is known by a firmly established title, use that as the work's title. Add a note to the effect that this title is supplied by the cataloger.

 

Gettysburg address

 

Pélleas et Mélisande : autograph manuscript

[EOK: We have Maeterlinck's manuscript of this--the ms is intact, he just didn't have a title at the time he composed it]fr

 

1I. 1E. Statements of responsibility

Statements of responsibility will only be used with formal titles that appear on the item in hand. For supplied titles, see section on "Creators"

 

1I1. 1E1. Statements of responsibility on the title page or in the colophon

 

Transcribe statements of responsibility found on the title page or in the colophon in the form in which they appear.

 

[Need new examples]

 

1I3.1E3. Transposition of statements of responsibility

 

If a statement of responsibility precedes the title proper in the source, transpose it to its required position unless it is a grammatically inseparable part of the title proper according to one or more of the conditions enumerated in 1B1.1. When transposing the statement of responsibility, do not use the mark of omission.

 

[Need new examples]

1I4. 1E4. Single statements of responsibility with two or more names

 

1I4.1.1E4.1. Transcribe a single statement of responsibility as such whether the two or more persons or corporate bodies named in it perform the same function or different functions.

 

[Need new examples]

 

1I4.2.1E4.2. If a respondent and praeses are given for an academic disputation, treat both names and the words indicative of their function as part of a single statement of responsibility (unless grammatically inseparable from the title proper or other title information).

 

[Need new examples]

 

1I5. 1E5. Omission of names in statements of responsibility

 

When a single statement of responsibility names more than one person or corporate body performing the same function or with the same degree of responsibility, transcribe all the names mentioned. Optionally, if the responsible persons or bodies named in a single statement are considered too numerous to list exhaustively, all after the third may be omitted. Indicate the omission by the mark of omission and supply “et al.” in square brackets.

 

[Need new examples]

1I6. 1E6. Two or more statements of responsibility

 

If there are two or more statements of responsibility, transcribe them in the order indicated by their sequence on, or by the layout of, the title page. If the sequence and layout are ambiguous or insufficient to determine the order, transcribe the statements in the order that makes the most sense. [Question: How do we square instructions like this with the possibility that these rules will be used in creating a finding aid rather than a catalog record? MN]

 

[Need new examples, i.e. author and a scribe or copyist]

 

1I7. 1E7. Terms of address, etc., in statements of responsibility

 

Include titles and abbreviations of titles of nobility, address, honor, and distinction that appear with names in statements of responsibility.

 

[Need new examples]

 

 

1I8. 1E8. Qualifications in statements of responsibility

 

Qualifications such as initials indicating membership in societies, academic degrees, and statements of positions held may be omitted from the statement of responsibility, using the mark of omission, unless:

 

the qualifications are necessary grammatically

 

or     the qualifications are necessary for identifying the person or are useful in establishing a context for the person’s activity (initials of religious orders, phrases, or adjectives denoting place names, etc.)

 

or     the statement of responsibility represents the author only by a pseudonym, a descriptive phrase, or nonalphabetic symbols.

 

1I9. 1E9. Ambiguous statements of responsibility

 

If the relationship between the title of a work and the person(s) or body (bodies) named in the statement of responsibility is not clear, supply an explanatory word or short phrase in the language of the text, within square brackets, or make a note.

 

De l'humour noir / [compilé par] André Breton

 

If considered important, make notes about expansions, explanations, and corrections of statements of responsibility when needed for clarity (see 7B6).

 

1I10. 1E10. Statements of responsibility in more than one language or script

 

1I10.1.1E10.1. If there are titles in more than one language or script, but only a single statement of responsibility, transcribe the statement of responsibility after all the title information.

 

[Need new example]

1I10.2.1E10.2. If there are both titles and statements of responsibility in more than one language or script, transcribe each statement of responsibility after the title proper, parallel title, or other title information to which it relates. If any of these titles lack a matching statement of responsibility, transcribe the information in the order indicated by the sequence on, or by the layout of, the title page.

 

[Are there any examples?]

 

1I11. 1E11. Nouns and noun phrases

 

1I11.1.1E11.1. Treat a noun or noun phrase occurring in conjunction with a statement of responsibility as other title information if it is indicative of the nature of the work. 

 

 Dr. Johann Faust : Volksschauspiel  / vom Plagwitzer Sommertheater [MN, 4600 Bd. Ms. 129]

 

The frolick's, or, The lawyer cheated : an new comedey, the first coppy / written by Ms. E.P. [4600 Bd. Ms. 143]

 

1I11.2.1E11.2. If the noun or noun phrase is indicative of the role of the person(s) or body (bodies) named in the statement of responsibility rather than of the nature of the work, treat it as part of the statement of responsibility.

 

[Need new examples]

 

1I11.3.1E11.3. In case of doubt, treat the noun or noun phrase as part of the statement of responsibility.

 

1I12. 1E12. Persons or bodies not explicitly named in statements of responsibility

 

Transcribe a statement of responsibility as such even if no person or body is explicitly named in that statement. Such statements will generally contain words like “translated,” “edited,” “compiled,” etc.

 

[Need new example]

 

1I13. 1E13. Statements of responsibility with grammatically inseparable elements

 

If the statement of responsibility includes information belonging to another area, and the information is grammatically inseparable from the statement of responsibility according to one or more of the conditions enumerated in 1B1.1, transcribe it as part of the statement of responsibility.

 

[Need new example]

 

1I14. 1E14. Phrases about notes, appendixes, etc.

 

1I14.1.1E14.1. Transcribe phrases about notes, appendixes, and such accompanying matter in the order indicated by the sequence on the title page. If such information appears before the statement of responsibility, transcribe it as other title information (see 1D2.1).

 

[Need new example]

 

Chemische Erfahrungen bey meinem und andern Fabriken in Deutschland : nebst einem Anhang besonderer chemischer Geheimnisse / von J.A. Weber

 

Clarion call : with Franklin Phelps' criticisms / by Lunceford Yates

 

1I14.2.1E14.2. If such information appears after the statement of responsibility, transcribe it as a subsequent statement of responsibility, whether or not it names a person or body.

 

[Need new example - from galleys?]

 

High life below stairs : a farce / by James Townley ; with a variety of German notes explanatory of the idioms ... alluded to by John Christian Huttner

 

Some remarks on the Barrier Treaty, between Her Majesty and the States-General / by the author of The conduct of the allies ; to which are added the said Barrier-Treaty ; with the two separate articles ...

 

Monsieur Bossu's treatise of the epick poem ... / done into English from the French, with a new original preface upon the same subject, by W.J. ; to which are added An essay upon Satyr by Monsieur d'Acier ; and A treatise upon pastorals by Monsieur Fontanelle

 

1I14.3.1E14.3. Optionally, if the phrases are very lengthy and can be abridged without loss of essential information, omit less important words or phrases, using the mark of omission. If considered important, transcribe omitted phrases in a note. If the phrases are actually titles of other works given equal prominence with the title of the first work, see 1F.

 

1F. Manuscripts without a collective title: fold into section 1H?

 

1F1. Two or more works named on the title page or in the colophon

 

1F1.1. By same person or body. If the manuscript has no collective title and the title page bears the titles of two or more individual works, other than supplementary matter, that are contained in the manuscript, transcribe the titles of the individual works in the order in which they appear on the title page. Separate the titles by a space-semicolon-space if the works are all by the same person(s) or body (bodies), even if the titles are linked by a connecting word or phrase.

 

[Need new example]

 

1F1.2. By different persons or bodies. If the individual works are by different persons or bodies, or the authorship is in doubt, precede each title other than the first by a period and one space, unless a linking word or phrase is already present. Precede each statement of responsibility by a space-slash-space.

 

[Need new example]

 

 

1F2. Multiple title pages 

 

If the manuscript contains two or more works, each with its own title page, transcribe the titles and statements of responsibility as instructed in AACR2 [rule no.]. If the works are all by a single author, use a single statement of responsibility preceded by all the titles.

 

Rudyard Kipling, a memoir ; Kipling and his India / by Edmonia Hill [Cormell + 4610 Bd. Ms. 21]

 

If the works are by various authors, transcribe the statement of responsibility for each work following the title of that work.

 

1F2. One or more works not named on the title page

 

If the manuscript has no collective title, and one or more works contained in the manuscript are not named on the title page:

 

Options below should be offered in discussion on multiple titles in an item, whether supplied or not, on a title page or not, etc.

 

Make a separate description for each separately titled work, linking the separate descriptions with “With” notes (see 7B18)

 

or     transcribe the title and statement of responsibility from the title page, and name the other work(s) in a contents note (see 7B16)

 

or     supply a collective title for the whole manuscript, preferably in the language and script of the cataloging agency, and use as the title proper

 

[Acts of Parliament enacted in 1732] 

 

1J. Inaccurate statement of responsibility

 

1J1. Statement of responsibility is present in a contemporary or later hand, but is inaccurate.

 

1J2. Statement of responsibility is present, but is struck out.

 

1J3. Statement of responsibility is supplied in a later hand.

 

1K. No legible statement of responsibility

 

 

1L. Date of production/creation.

 

1L1. General rule

 

1L1.1. Record dates of production/creation as part of this element. Normalize dates to the formula year, month, day, according to the Gregorian calendar, regardless of the form they appear in the original. If considered important, record in a note the original form of the date as it appears on the item.

1L1.3. Do not include words and phrases such as "in the year" and "anno" as part of this element. If considered important, record this information in a note.

 

[Need examples??]

 

1L1.4. If you are transcribing a formal title where the date is grammatically inseparable from that title, transcribe it within that area or element and record the date again in the date of production/creation area after the title element.

 

My 1812 Summer in Rome, 1812 (Diane to provide Grand Tour diary examples) 

 

Italy review'd in 1729 & 1730, in two parts, 1730. DJD example, as also

 

Memoranda, from a journal of tours made upon the continent at various periods beginning in 1821, with illustrations sketched upon the spot, 1821-1836.

 

(Item title gives dates of original composition, but item itself is a later copy:--Alison;s example is better,  but we may need two or three for this one.)DJD

 

Journal 3 May-26 September 1826, circa 1840.

 

Sarah Sutton 1854 travel diary, 19th century (Bancroft BANC MSS 2005/1 p; note the date in the title differs from the date the item was produced... AB)

 

For copies, catalog the date that the physical document was created, but also provide the date of the original creation (in the title area). The date of creation of the source is part of title statement and does not need to be normalized; date of creation of the copy in hand is in the date area. If possible, provide a conjectural date for both the date of the source being copied and the date of the copy in hand.

 

[Need real-world examples]

 

Copy of letter from James I, King of England, to unknown recipient July 22, 1607 (manuscript), circa 1630

 

Copy of July 22 1607 letter from James I, King of England, to unknown recipient (manuscript), circa 1630

 

Letter from James I, King of England, to unknown recipient, July 22 1607 (manuscript copy), circa 1630

 

Copy of 17th century treatise on arminianism (manuscript), 1745

 

Treatise on arminianism, 17th century (manuscript copy), 1745

 

 

1L2. Adjustments or additions

 

[SECTION 1L3] Dates that will end up looking the same, i.e. they will all normalize (working title/concept)

 

Dates will all follow the pattern year, month, day, regardless of how it appears in original item. For example, convert Roman numerals, chronograms, narrative dates, saint days, different dating systems (with the exception of Lady Day dates, and dates that include both the old style and ne; explain in FN). If considered important, record the original form of the date in a note. Likewise, with LD and O/N Style dating, if considered important, include normalized date in note.

 

a) Roman numerals:

 

                    , 1760 July 4

                    Note: Date appears on item as: July 4 MDCCLX.

                    (Comment: Transcribing the roman numerals as it apears on the item in a note is optional)

d) Lady Day dating

 

If the year of production/creation is based on the new year beginning on Lady Day (March 25), transcribe the date according to double-dating principles. In case of doubt, do not adjust the year.

 

, 1588/9 February 8 

Note: Date on manuscript reads "Februar. 8. anno 1588"

 

e) Old Style (Julian) / New Style (Gregorian) dating

 

If two dates appear in the manuscript, representing both Julian (Old Style) and Gregorian (New Style) dating, transcribe both dates, separated by a slash.

 

, 1750 September 2/13

 

f) Old Style/New Style AND Lady Day dating

 

If the original date reflects both old style/new style and Lady Day dating, transcribe as below:

 

, 1649/50 January 29/19

Note: Date on manuscript appears as "Paris this 29/19 January 1650 stylo novo."

 

1604/5 January 19/29

 

1610/11 January 29 / February 8

 

1L4: Dates that will end up looking different from our formula (you cannot normalize to single year, month, day)

, 1730

Note: Date appears in manuscript as 1703

 

 

d) Date of production/creation supplied from reference sources:

 

If the date of production/creation does not appear in the manuscript but is known, supply it from any source, preferably a reliable bibliography or reference work, and normalize it according to these rules. If not based on internal evidence, provide the source of the supplied date and any needed explanation in a note.

 

, 1616 July 1

Note: Date from The works of Sir Walter Ralegh, 1829, v. 1, p. 473

 

, 1906 April

Note: Date extrapolated from subject of letter

Comment: Letter is eye-wintess account of the San Francisco earthquake

 

e) Conjectural date of production/creation:

 

Supply a conjectural date of production/creation based on any reliable information available. If not based on internal evidence, indicate the basis for the conjecture in a note.

 

Watermark example

Example based on knowledge of life of the letter-writer or recipient

General historical era (i.e. Queen Victoria

  

"For letters, the recipient, place of writing, etc. after the word ‘letter’ or ‘letters’ go here.

  

Place of writing may be mentioned if given on the item and if considered important.

  

Example:

$k Letter : $b to Henry VIII King of England, $f1516.

  

Folger guidelines:

Form + "signed" + "from" writer + place of writing + recipient + place to which addressed?

  

Examples:

  

Autograph letter signed from M.E. Lewes [i.e. George Eliot], Waisenhaus Gasse, Dresden, to Oscar Browning ?h [manuscript], ?f 1867 August 23.

  

Autograph letter signed from Peter Garrick, Lichfield, to Mrs. Garrick, Adelphi Strand, London

  

[follows AACR in not using $b for recipient, place of writing, etc. info]

 

RDA, Nov. 2008 version:

  

Form + author + recipient

  

Letters from Don Banks to Suzanne Gleeson

  

[I don't think this is supposed to be prescriptive, but it is the only example that is relevant]

  

AMREMM: “For single letters, supply a title consisting, in the following order, of the form designation Letter, the date of writing (expressed as year, month, day), the place of writing, the name of addressee, and the place to which the letter is addressed.” Enclose in square brackets.

  

APPM: 

 

Form + signed (appears in abbreviation, e.g. ALS)

  

 + place of writing + recipient + place to which addressed

  

$k Letter :$b Dublin, to Henrik Ibsen, Kristiania [Oslo] 

 

$kALS :$bWorcester Park, Surrey, to George Gissing, Rome,

  

All data elements except form are treated as other title information (245$b in MARC)

  

Speeches, sermons, etc.