Area 4 version 8


4. Publication, Distribution, Etc., Area

Contents:

4A. Preliminary rule

4B. Place of publication, distribution, etc.

4C. Name of publisher, distributor, etc.

4D. Date of publication, distribution, etc.

4E. Place of manufacture

4F. Name of manufacturer

4G. Date of manufacture

4A. Preliminary rule

 

4A1. Prescribed punctuation

For instructions on the use of spaces before and after prescribed punctuation, see 0E.

Precede this area by a period-space-dash-space.

Precede a second or subsequently named place of publication, distribution, etc., by a semicolon, unless a linking word or phrase is given in the publication.

Precede the name of the first publisher, distributor, etc., by a colon. Precede the name of a second and any subsequent publisher, distributor, etc., by a colon, unless a linking word or phrase is given in the publication.

Precede the date of publication, distribution, etc., by a comma.

Enclose the details of manufacture (place, name, date) within parentheses.

Precede a second or subsequently named place of manufacture by a semicolon, unless a linking word or phrase is given in the publication.

Precede the name of the first manufacturer by a colon. Precede the name of a second and any subsequent manufacturer by a colon, unless a linking word or phrase is given in the publication.

Precede the date of manufacture by a comma.

For the use of the equals sign to precede parallel statements, see the appropriate rules following.

4A2. Sources of information

4A2.1. The prescribed sources of information for the publication, distribution, etc., area are the title page, colophon, other preliminaries, and dust jacket (see introductory section IX.2), in that order of preference. If the information for an element is not present in these sources, any source may be used to supply needed information (see 0G6). If statements belonging to different elements are found in separate sources, combine them to make a complete statement in the publication, distribution, etc., area. However, do not combine statements belonging to a single element when they appear in different sources within the publication.

4A2.2. If any part of the publication, distribution, etc., area is taken from a source other than the title page, make a note to indicate the source (see 7B8). Make a note about information not transcribed in the publication, distribution, etc., area, if it is considered important.

4A3. Form and order of information

4A3.1. Transcribe publication, distribution, etc., information in the form and order in which it is presented in the source, unless instructed otherwise by specific rules (see 0G).

4A3.2. If statements belonging to different elements appear out of order, or as part of another area, and they are grammatically separable, transpose them as needed. Make a note indicating the original position of the transposed elements.

Mexico : Imprenta de la Escalerillas dirigida por Manuel Ximeno, 1828

Note: Date follows place of publication in imprint

Philadelphia : Published by Johnson & Warner, 1813 ([Philadelphia] : William Greer, printer)

Note: Printer precedes date of publication on t.p.

[Jena] : Verlegt zu Jena von Joh. Jacob Ehrdten, anno 1698 ([Mühlhausen] : Gedruckt zu Mühlhausen von Tobias David

 Brücknern)

Note: Printer statement appears before date on t.p.

4A3.3. If the elements are not grammatically separable, or their transposition would result in an ambiguous or otherwise confusing construction, transcribe them in the order found and supply missing elements in square brackets as needed (see 0G6).

[London] : Emprynted the yere of oure Lorde a. MCCCCC & xiij by Richard Pynson, prynter vnto the kyng[es] noble grace, [1513]

(Comment: The date of publication has not been transposed because it is not a grammatically separable element)

4A4. Fictitious or incorrect information

If all information relating to the publication, distribution, etc., area appearing in the publication is known to be fictitious or incorrect, transcribe it nonetheless. If the real details are known, or can be reasonably surmised, supply them at the end of the area as a correction in square brackets. Give the source of this information in a note. If some but not all of the information is known to be fictitious or incorrect, apply the appropriate rule (see 4B9, 4C5, 4D2.4).

Sadopolis : Chez Justin Valcourt ... à l'enseigne de la Vertumalheureuse, an 0000 [i.e. Brussels : Jules Gay, 1866]

Note: Corrected imprint from: Pia, P. Livres de l'Enfer

4A5. Information covered by labels, etc.

If any of the original details relating to the publication, distribution, etc., area are covered by a label or other means showing later information, transcribe the later information. If the original details are visible or otherwise available, transcribe or give them in a note.

4A6. Elements relating to publication, distribution, etc., vs. elements relating to manufacture

Consider the wording, layout, and typography of the publication itself when determining the most appropriate place to transcribe information relating to the publication, distribution, etc., area. Keep in mind that statements relating to printing will sometimes be more appropriately transcribed as elements of publication, distribution, etc., and sometimes as elements of manufacture.[1] Consult the following instructions for guidance.

4A6.1. Statements relating to publication, distribution, etc., only

If the publication bears only a statement relating to publication, distribution, etc., or multiple such statements, transcribe the statement(s) according to the instructions in 4B, 4C, and 4D.

Geneuae : Sumptibus Petri Chouët, 1651

Viennae : Impensis Joannis Pauli Kraus, bibliopolae Viennensis, 1768

New-York : Sold by D. Felt & Co. ; Boston : Published by Cha's Ellms, agent, [1835?]

4A6.2. Statements relating to manufacture only

4A6.2.1. If the publication bears only a statement relating to manufacture, or multiple such statements, generally assume the manufacturer(s) to also be functioning as publisher(s), distributor(s), etc. Transcribe the statement(s) according to the instructions in 4B, 4C, and 4D. Consider the words “place of publication” and “publisher” in those instructions to refer equally to the place of manufacture and name of manufacturer in such cases.

Moguntiae : In typographeio Ioannis Albini, anno 1602

Edmonton : Jas. E. Richards, government printer, 1907

Te Philadelphia : Gedrukt bij Hendrik Miller, in de Twede Straat, MDCCLXII [1762]

Albany : Printed by Websters and Skinners ; New-York : Stereotyped by G. Bruce, 1822

4A6.2.2. However, if the manufacturer is known not to be the publisher, distributor, etc., and the identity of the publisher, distributor, etc., can be determined or reasonably surmised, supply the name of the publisher, distributor, etc., in square brackets and transcribe the manufacturer statement as such according to the instructions in 4E, 4F, and 4G.

[Boston : New York & Erie Railroad Company, 1856] (Boston : Farwells & Forrest, steam job printers, 5 Lindall Street)

4A6.3. Statements relating both to publication, distribution, etc., and to manufacture

If the publication bears statements relating both to publication, distribution, etc., and to manufacture, determine whether or not the statements are grammatically separable.

4A6.3.1. If the statements are grammatically inseparable, transcribe them according to the instructions in 4B, 4C, and 4D. Consider the words “place of publication” and “publisher” in those instructions to refer equally to the place of manufacture and name of manufacturer in such cases.

Boston : Printed by Robert Hodge, for Nathaniel Coverly, in Newbury-Street, [1782]

[Westzaandam] : Gedrukt voor den uitgever by H.J. de Roode te Westzaandam, en zyn te bekomen te Amsteldam by B. van der Klok, boekverkooper op de Blaauw Burgwal, 1765

Germantown, in Pennsylvania : Printed by Christopher Sower and sold in Charles-Town, South-Carolina, by Jacob Viart, book-seller in Elliot Street, [1757]

4A6.3.2. If the statements are grammatically separable, determine which statement is emphasized in the source, whether typographically (larger font size, uppercase letters, boldface, etc.) or by appearing first.

4A6.3.2.1. If a manufacturer statement has been emphasized, transcribe all of the statements according to the instructions in 4B, 4C, and 4D. Consider the words “place of publication” and “publisher” in those instructions to refer equally to the place of manufacture and name of manufacturer in such cases.

Londini : Typis H. Parker : Cura Josephi Pote, bibliopolae Etonensis, 1732

Oppenheimio : Ex officina typographica Hieronymi Galleri : Sumptibus Johannis Theodori de Bry, 1617

Manchester : Printed at the office of G. Nicholson, No. 9, Spring-Gardens ; London : Sold by T. Knott, No. 47, Lombard-Street and Champante & Whitrow, Jewry-Street, 1796

4A6.3.2.2. If a publisher, distributor, etc., statement has been emphasized, transcribe the publisher, distributor, etc., statement(s) according to the instructions in 4B, 4C, and 4D and transcribe the manufacturer statement(s) according to the instructions in 4E, 4F, and 4G.

Boston : Published by William Parker, 1816 (Brookfield [Mass.] : E. Merriam & Co., printers)

Tot Middelburgh : By Zacharias Roman, boeck-vercooper ..., anno 1636 (Tot Middelburgh : Gedruckt by Hans vander Hellen ...)

New York : Livermore & Rudd, 1856 ([New York] : Electrotyped by Thomas B. Smith, 82 & 84 Beekman Street : Printed by J.D. Torrey, 18 Spruce Street)

 


[1] The roles of publishers, printers, and booksellers were not clearly delimited in the hand-press period. Statements relating to printing frequently appear prominently on early printed materials, reflecting the tendency of printers to function as more than solely manufacturers. As the book trade industry became increasingly specialized over time, however, the role of the publisher gradually assumed greater importance, while the roles of manufacturer and distributor came to be subordinate.

 

 

4D1. General rule

4D1.1. Record dates of creation for the manuscript, as part of this element.

4D1.2. Do not transcribe dates as they appear in the manuscript, but do include the day and month, if present. Rather, record the date expressed as year, month, day in the language of the describing institution. Normalize dates: expand contracted years, convert ordinal to cardinal numbers, and do not abbreviate months. Transcribe dates as they appear in the manuscript in a note, if considered important.

, 1749 July 23

, 1902 September 26

Optional note: Date appears as "Sept. 26th, 1902"

4D1.1 [COMMENT - This is how the above would read if we followed the suggestion of combining two rules 4D1.1 and 2. BUT in Books and Serials these rules are separate: Record dates of creation for the manuscript, as part of this element. Do not transcribe dates as they appear in the manuscript, but do include the day and month, if present. Rather, record the date expressed as year, month, day in the language of the describing institution. Normalize dates: expand contracted years, convert ordinal to cardinal numbers, and do not abbreviate months. Transcribe dates as they appear in the manuscript in a note, if considered important.] 

4D1.3. Do not include time of day as part of this element, unless it serves to distinguish between two or more manuscripts with the same title and date. Otherwise, record time of day in a note, if considered important.

Telegram from Senator Joseph McCarthy, Reno, Nevada, to President Harry S. Truman, White House, 1950 February 11

Optional note: Date appears on item as "Reno Nev Feb 11 1139A" and stamped by the White House "1950 Feb 11 PM 731"

4D1.4. Do not include words and phrases such as “in the year” and “anno” or days of the week as part of this element. Record this information in a note, if considered important.

, 1698 July 20

Optional note: Date appears as "the 20th of July, anno Dom. 1698"

, 1863 March 6

Optional note: Date appears as "Friday Evening, March 6, '63"

4D1.5. If the date is grammatically inseparable from information transcribed as part of another element or area, such as a transcribed formal title, according to one or more of the conditions enumerated in 1B2.1.1, transcribe it within that area or element and record the date again as prescribed in 4D1.2.

My 1812 summer in Rome, 1812

Italy review'd in 1729 & 1730, in two parts, 1730

Memoranda, from a journal of tours made upon the continent at various periods beginning in 1821 : with illustrations sketched upon the spot, 1821-1836

4D1.6. If the date of physical creation differs from the date of intellectual creation, transcribe or record date of intellectual creation as part of title element and record the date of physical creation, with the word copied preceding date of copy, as part of the date element.

Sarah Sutton 1854 travel diary, copied 1900s

Copy of letter from James I, King of England, to unknown recipient July 22, 1607 : manuscript, copied circa 1630

or

Copy of July 22 1607 letter from James I, King of England, to unknown recipient : manuscript, copied circa 1630

or

James I, King of England, letter to unknown recipient, July 22 1607 : manuscript copy, copied circa 1630

Copy of 17th century treatise on arminianism : manuscript, copied 1745

or

Treatise on arminianism, 17th century : manuscript copy, copied 1745

4D2. Adjustments or additions

4D2.1. Roman numerals. If the date appears in roman numerals, convert to arabic numerals and record according to 4D1.2. Transcribe date in a note, if considered important.

, 1760 July 4

Optional note: Date appears as: July 4 MDCCLX.

,1600 June 9

Optional note: Date appears as: ixth of June 1600

4D2.2. Disguised dates. If date appears only in the form of a disgused date (or a chronogram), convert to arabic numerals and record according to 4D1.2. Make a note explaining the source of the date and a transcription of the original chronogram, if considered important.

, 1656

Optional note: Date only expressed in chronogram on title page: Monte tonans De CLaro VIrgo trophaea serenat et Mons rotat arDentes prae CLarVs In aëra-sphaeras

4D2.3. Narrative dates. If the date on the manuscript is expressed in words, normalize according to 4D1.2. Make a note explaining the source of the date and a transcription of the original form of the statement, if considered important.

, 1603/1604 March 15

Optional note: Date expressed in Latin: “decimo quinto die Martij Anno domini 1603 Primo Jacobi Regis”

 

, 1945 December 25

Optional note: Date expressed: “Christmas Day, 1945”

4D2.4. Fictitious or incorrect dates. If the date of creation present on the item is known to be fictitious or is incorrect, record the real or correct date. Make a note explaining the fictitiousness or error and a transcription of the fictitious or incorrect date, if considered important.

, 1730

Optional note: Date appears in manuscript as 1703, letter is signed using correspondents married name, date of marriage in 1729

4D2.5. Julian/Old Style, Gregorian/New Style and Calendars with start dates other than January 1[1]

4D2.5.1. Julian/Old Style and Gregorian/New Style dates. Record Julian/Old Style or Gregorian/New Style dates as they appear on the item in the normalized form according to 4D1.2.

NEED EXAMPLES

If, however, the manuscript is double-dated to reflect both Julian/Old Style and Gregorian/New Style, record both dates, separated by a slash, in the normalized form. Transcribe the date in a note, if considered important.

, 1601 May 4/14

Optional note: Date appears as: “May 4th/14th O.S./N.S. 1601”

, 1649/1650 January 19/29

Optional note: Date on manuscript appears as “Paris this 29/19 January 1650 stylo novo”

(Comment: Because the letter originated in France, the New Style date appeared before the Old Style, but the date in the description reflects Old Style/New Style ordering conventions)

, 1610/1611 January 29/February 8

4D2.5.2. Calendars with start dates other than January 1. If the year of creation is based on the new year beginning on any day other January 1, such as Lady Day (March 25), double-date the year to reflect both the year as it appears on the item and the year according to the modern calendar. Separate the two years by a slash. In case of doubt, only record year found on manuscript. Transcribe the date in a note, if considered important.

, 1588/1589 February 8

Optional note: Date appears as: "Februar. 8. anno 1588"

4D2.6. Dates in other calendar systems. If the date of creation is based on a calendar other than the Julian or Gregorian calendar, convert to the Gregorian calendar (the current internationally accepted civil calendar) and record date according to 4D1.2. Transcribe the date in a note, if considered important. [add footnote that this is not an exhaustive list]

a) Regnal

, 1444

Optional note: Date on manuscript expressed as "22 Henry VI"

, 1921 March 7

Optional note: Date on manuscript in Japanese Emperor Era calendar (Nengo) as the 10th year of Taishō, third month and seventh day

b) Hebrew calendar

, 1866 or 1867

Optional note: Date appears in manuscript as "shenat 627"

c) French Revolutionary calendar

, 1798 or 1799

Optional note: Date appears in manuscript as "an VII"

, 1794 between January 20 and February 18

Optional note: Date appears in manuscript as "pluviose 1794"

d) Islamic calendar

, between 1700 and 1720

Optional note: Copy undated, but was produced between 1700/1112 when poem was written and the year 1720/1132 when the author wrote, alongside his stamp, that he corrected the volume

4D2.7. Multiple adjustments or additions. If the date of creation requires more than a single adjustment or addition, convert and record date according to 4D1.2. Transcribe the date in a note, if considered important.

Optionally, if the date of creation requires more than a single adjustment or addition and proves to be difficult to convert according to 4D1.2, record a conjectural date according to 4D4-4D5.

4D3. Date of creation supplied from reference sources

If the date of creation does not appear in the manuscript but can be determined from a reliable bibliography, reference work, or the content of the manuscript, record the date according to 4D1.2 or 4D4-5. Give the source of the supplied date and any needed explanation in a note, if considered important.

, 1616 July 1

Optional note: Undated, date from The works of Sir Walter Ralegh, 1829, v. 1, p. 473

Autograph letter signed from Sir Ralph Winwood, Newmarket, to Christiaan Huygens, Secretary to the Council of the United Province, 1614 February 25

Optional note: Dated: 25 de Febrier. Letter would have been one of Winwood's last acts as a diplomat

(Comment: Biographical note about Winwood’s service at The Hague has him leaving The Hague in September 1613 and leaving his post in March 1614)

, 1906 April 23

Optional note: Dated: Apr. 23, year extrapolated from subject of letter

(Comment: Letter is an eye-witness account of the San Francisco earthquake)

4D4. Conjectural date of creation

4D4.1. Supply a conjectural date of creation based on any reliable information available, including from the manuscript itself. Indicate the basis for the conjecture in a note, if considered important.

, circa 1820

Optional note: Watermark dated 1815

, between 1574 and 1584

Optional note: Undated letter probably written between 1574 when Elizabeth married John, Lord Russell and 1584 when Lord Russell died

(Comment: Letter signed using married name, and subject of letter is of her husband Lord Russell)

4D4.2. If the only date appearing within the manuscript bears no relationship to the date of creation, do not record it as the date, but rather supply a conjectural date. Transcribe the date in a note, if considered important.

NEED EXAMPLE

4D4.3. Every effort should be made to supply a conjectural date, but if supplying a conjectural date would be impossible, misleading, or unhelpful, state “date unknown” or “date not identified.” Do not use the abbreviations “n.d.” or “s.d.”

4D5. Patterns for supplying a conjectural date

Give a probable date or period of creation according to one of the patterns shown in the examples below. Give any needed explanation in a note.

, 1736?                                                                                    probable date

, circa 1849                                                                 approximate date

, circa 1703?                                                               probable approximate date

, not before 1875                                                       terminal date

, not after 1916 July 16                                             terminal date

, 1814 or 1815                                                                        one year or the other

, between 1618 and 1648                                         span certain

, between 1711 and 1749?                                        span uncertain

, between circa 1700 and circa 1750                       span uncertain

, 1890s                                                                                    decade certain

, 1730s?                                                                       decade uncertain

, between 1900 and 1909                                         first decade of century

, 1800s                                                                                    century certain

, 1700s?                                                                       century uncertain

4D6. Copyright dates

4D6.1. If a copyright date appears on a manuscript and reflects the date of creation, record it as the date according to 4D1.2. Make a note that the creation date is derived from the copyright date, if considered important. If transcribing a copyright symbol in the note, use a lowercase c to represent the symbol if it cannot be reproduced using available typographic facilities.

, 2007

Optional note: Manuscript note on first leaf: “Copyright reserved 2007. Not to be reproduced without permission.”

4D6.2. If a copyright date appears on a manuscript that does not reflect the date of creation, do not record as date. Instead, follow rules of conjectural dates in 4D4-4D5.

4D6.3. If a copyright date appears on a manuscript that reflects the date of creation of a printed work of which the manuscript is a copy, record as part of the title and follow rules in 4D1.5-4D1.6.

4D7. Inclusive dates

4D7.1. If describing a manuscript (that is not a collection) that was created over a period of time, be it a single sheet, multiple sheets, volume, multiple volumes or parts, record the first date of creation and the last date of creation and connect them with a hyphen.

, 1849-1852

4D7.2. If describing a manuscript that was created over a period of time, but the first date of creation, the last date of creation, or both, are not present on the manuscript, or are uncertain, follow the rules for conjectural dates in 4D4-4D5 and connect them with a hyphen.

, 1897-1915

, circa 1915-circa 1918

, 1700s-1800s

4D7.3. If describing a manuscript that was created over a period of time, but the bulk of the material was created only over part of the time, include, following the inclusive dates, the bulk dates in parenthesis with the word “bulk” and connect the range of dates with a hyphen.

, 1920-1956 (bulk 1920-1923)

4D7.4. Record the date(s) of each volume, part, etc., in a note, if considered important.

, circa 1961-1965

Optional note: Notebook 1: 1961; notebook 2: 1962-1963; notebook 3: 1963-1965

 


[1] Footnote about Gregorian Calendar was adopted in different countries at different times, and more detail about LD dating